Manufacture of wheels.



2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

rimmed July 19, 1910.

E. E. SLICK.

MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS. APPLICATION FILED JUNE 25, 1907,

ru: "onus PETERS co, wnsnmomu, n c.

WITNESSES i B. E. SLICK. MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS. APPLIOATION FILEDJtmnzs, 1907.

965,035. Patented July 19,1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

EDWIN E. SLICK, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

MANUFACTURE OF WHEELS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented July 19, 1910.

Application filed June 25, 1907. Serial No. 380,678.

To all whom it may concem:

Be it known that I, EDWIN E. SLICK, of Pittsburg, Allegheny county,Pennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in theManufacture of Wheels, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,forming part of this specification, in which Figure l is a sectionalplan view showing one form of apparatus for carrrying out my invention;Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the same; Fig. 3 is a cross-section on theline IIIIII of Fig. 1; Fig. 4L is an end elevation; Figs. 5, 6 and 7 aredetail views of successive forming dies which I prefer to employ; andFig. 8 is a detail view showing a forming wheel which I may employ.

My invention relates to the manufacture of wheels, particularly thosehaving a continuous web joining the hub and rim as in the case of steelcar wheels.

The object of the present invention is to reduce the number ofoperations in manufacturing steel car wheels, cheapen the product andincrease the output.

The main feature of my invention con-- sists in forging the wheelbetween rotating die surfaces whose axes are at an angle to each other,said dies having cavities to form the tread and flange portions of thewheel.

It further consists in forcing at least one of said die surfaces towardthe other during the forging operation, and in certain other featureshereinafter described and claimed.

In the drawings, 2 and 3 represent circular forging dies, each of whichis removably bolted or otherwise secured to the heads 4 and 5 of shafts6 and 7. These shafts whose axes extend at an oblique angle to eachother are of large diameter, and adapted to withstand severe pressure;and for this purpose I preferably mount them in marine thrust bearingsshown at 8 and 9.

guides 10 and 11, and the one die 2 is ad justed or moved toward or fromthe other in a path extending in the direction of the axis of themovable die and at an angle to the axis of the fixed 'die by asingle-acting cylinder 12, secured to the head t by tie rods 13. Thecylinder is arranged to move over the stationary plunger 14 secured tothe bed plate or frame 15.

These marlne thrust bearings are carried in side- 16 is a single-actingpull-back cylinder by which the bearing and movable die may be returnedafter operating upon a blank. Each shaft with its head and die ispositively rotated by wabbler connections with shafts 17 and 17extending through the hollow die-carrying shafts, and connected to anysuitable actuating means. The die 3 is similar to the die 2, except thatno means are provided for adjusting it endwise.

In carrying out my process, I preferably employ successive sets offorming dies in order to better shape the tread and flange portions andthoroughly work the metal. Fig. 5 shows the first set of dies 2'" and 3which I would employ in such case, the blank 18 being shown in thisfigure in its final form, produced by such dies. In using the dies, theblank is placed between them, the dies are then positively rotated bytheir connections, and one or both of them is forced toward the other toexert a forging pressure upon the metal. This forging pressure isexerted at one side of the dies, the points of their surfacessuccessively acting upon the portions of the metal at this side. Themetal is thus reduced in thickness and increased in diameter, and'isforced out into the form of the dies which at the shaping side form aclosed pass. The blank is then removed from these dies, and preferablytaken to a second forging press, the same as that containing the dies 2and '3 such second press having the dies 2* and 3", shown in Figs. 6 and7. The previous operation is then repeated upon the blank, Fig. 6illustrating the beginning of the operation, and Fig. 7 the close of theoperation. During this step, the forging pressure forces the outerportion of the blank into the form of the tread and rim, and gives themtheir final form. In this case as in the first dies, the dies at oneside of their axes form a closed die pocket or pass which gives themetal its final form, as it is forced out under the forging pressure.The diameter of the blank is increased by the forging action, and theblank rotates at the same surface speed as the supporting die. Duringthe approach of the dies in the forging operation, the length of theline of contact between the angularly mounted forming roll and the blankincreases, and by reason of its angular axis of rotation, the radius ofrotation or perpendicular distance from the axis of rotation of theforming die to the periphery of the blank increases with the enlargementof. the blank, so that the forming roll rotates at less speed than thesupporting die andgradually increases in speed until substantially equalto that of the forming die and blank being formed. The wheel may becompleted in this operation, or it may be taken out, placed betweenclamping dies which inclose all portions of the wheel except the rim.and tread, and a roller forced against the rim and tread to give therotating blank a fine surface on these portions. This can be preferablycontinued until the blank is at a relatively low temperature.

Instead of using successive sets of dies, I may finish the metal in oneset of dies, which would be such as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, or inFig. 1. In such case, a wheel 19 may be employed, as shown in Fig. 8,which projects into the space between the dies attheir open side. Tl1lSwheel or roller tends to make uniform the side face of the flange by itspressure against the metal of the blank. Other mechanism may be employedinstead of this wheel which would project into the open portion of thedies, and give the uniform spreading of the metal and avoid theformation of fins. This wheel or equivalent mechanism may also beemployed in the case where two or more successive sets of dies areemployed; and in such case, I would only need to employ it between thefinal sets of dies. In carrying out any of these methods, the dies actto confine the'metal throughout a zone of the blank and limit itsoutward flow at the points desired.

The advantages of my invention result from the use of the rotating diesarranged at an angle to each other, and having cooperating die-shapingcavities which inclose the rim portion. This does away with thenecessity for any external shaping wheel, and gives uniform results. Thedies act not only as forging dies, but as shaping dies for the tread andrim portions.

It will be noted that the blanks are first curved or bent so as to dishthe blanks and the portions of the tread and flange which contact withthe rail in service are formed.

by forcing out the metal from the body of the blank, thus giving a goodquality of material which has been thoroughly worked, in these portions.

Blanks such as are used in the manufacture of wheels and similararticles are liable to defects in the outer or edge portion thereof. Itwill also be noted that by bending the outer portion of the blanklaterally, and then forming the flange from this intermediate part ofthe metal, I avoid the use of metal on such outer portions which isliable to be of poorer quality as it is less worked, in. the flangeportion.

pusher 20 is secured by one end onthe end. of the shaft 17, whichprojects into the 1101-- low die-supporting shaft 6. The dies may besolid if desired, and

many other changes may be made in the form and arrangement of the dies,the number of sets employed, and means for rotating and moving saiddies; either or both of the dies may be forced toward each other.

The invention may be applied to the formation of articles other. thancar wheels, and by the word wheels in my claims, I do not intend tolimit myself to any specific product; and many other changes may be madewithout departing from the spirit and.

scope of my invention.

I claim 1. The'method offorming metal, consisting in forging successiveportions of the blank between rotating dies whose axes extend at anoblique angle to each other, and wholly shaping the outer portion of theblank within inclosing cavities of said dies; substantially asdescribed.

2. The method of forming wheels, consisting in forging successiveportions of the blank between rotating dies whose axes extend at anoblique angle to each other, and wholly shaping the rim portion of thewheel within inclosing cavities of said dies; substantially asdescribed.

3. The method of forming wheels consisting in rolling the blank betweenrotary dies whose axes extend at an. angle to each other, continuouslyforcing at least one of said dies toward the other during rotation andforming the rim portion of the wheel to substantially final form withinthe inclosing cavities formed in and by said dies; substantially asdescribed.

4. In the forging of wheels, the steps comprising subjecting a blank tothe rolling pressure of opposing dies having their axes at an angle toeach other and during such forging causing a relative approach andrelative radial movement of the dies, substantially as described.

5. The method of forming wheels, comprising rolling a blank between dieshaving their axes at an oblique angle to each other and during suchrolling operation causing.

the dies to approach each other in such manner that the dies will have arelative radial movement, substantially as described.

6. The method of forming wheels having a. tread and flange portion,conslst-ingm tread and rim portions of the wheel to final form withinannular concentric grooves forming inclosing shaping cavities in saiddies; substantially as described.

7. The method of forming metal consisting in forging successive portionsof the blank between rotating dies having inclosing shaping die cavitieswhose axes extend at an angle to each other and wholly shaping the outerportion of the blank by forcing the metal outwardly into successiveportions of said cavities formed in and by said dies at one sidethereof; substantially as described.

8. The method of forming wheels which consists in forging successiveportions of the blank between rotating dies whose axes extend at anangle to each other and forcing a portion of the body of the blankoutwardly into inclosing cavities formed in and by said dies to form theflange of the wheels; substantially as described.

9. The method of forming wheels which consists in forging successiveportions of the blank between rotating dies whose axes extend at anangle to each other, and radially displacing a portion of the blankoutwardly beyond its tread portion into inclosing cavities formed in andby the dies to form the wheel flange; substantially as described.

10. In the manufacture of flanged wheels, the steps consisting informing a circular blank and then successively forging radially varyingportions of the blank, restricting the outward flow of metal at itsperiphery and at the same time forcing metal intermediate of theperiphery and center of the blank to flow outward in a radial directionin at least one set of rotary dies having their axes at an oblique angleto each other, and then further shaping the outer portion of the partlyformed blank in opposing die cavities formed in and by a set offinishing dies; substantially as described.

11. The method of forming wheels, which consists in forming a blank ofsmaller diameter than the finished wheel, forging said blank andincreasing its diameter and forming the blank with a curved or bentouter portion in a setof roughing dies, then confining the edge of thebent outer portion and displacing metal intermediate of the center andperiphery of the blank into inclosing die cavities formed in and by asecond set of dies, and forming the flange of the wheel; substantiallyas described.

12. The method of forging metal consisting in rolling it betweenopposing concentric die faces having their axes at an oblique angle toeach other, holding one of the dies against endwise movement during theforging and forcibly causing a relative approach of the dies;substantially as described.

13. The method of forging metal consisting in rolling it betweenconcentric die faces having their axes at an oblique angle to eachother, holding one of the dies against endwise movement and moving theface of the other die endwise toward the relatively fixed die in a pathextending in the direc tion of the axis of the movable die;substantially as described.

14:. The method of forming metal consisting in rolling it betweenopposing rotary dies having their axes at an oblique angle to eachother, holding one of the dies against endwise movement during theforging and forcing the other die forward in a path at an angle to theaxis of the opposing die; substantially as described.

15. The method of forming metal, consisting in forging it between rotarydie faces having their axes extending at an oblique angle to each other,holding one of said dies against endwise movement and moving the face ofthe other die endwise toward the relatively fixed die in the directionof the axis of one of the dies, substantially as described.

16. The method of forming metal, consisting in forging it betweenconcentric shaping die faces having their axes at an oblique angle toeach other, holding one of said dies against endwise movement, keepingthe axis of the blank parallel with the axis of one of the dies, andmoving the opposing die in such manner that a rolling action is effectedupon the metal to thereby displace the metal radially, substantially asdescribed.

17. The method of forming metal consisting in rolling it betweenopposing concentric die faces having their axes at an angle to eachother while forcing one of the dies toward the other, and at the sametime limiting the outward flow of the metal during the forging operationat all points in its circumference; substantially as described.

18. In apparatus for forming metal, a pair of rotatable dies whose axesextend at an angle to each other, mechanism for forcing at least one ofsaid dies endwise, and connections for rotating the dies, said dieshaving coacting cavities arranged to inclose the blank at one sidethereof and shape the rim portion of the blank; substantially asdescribed.

19. Apparatus for shaping metal, comprising rotary forging dies havingcoacting cavities arranged to wholly shape the outer portion of themetal blank therein, and having their axes extending at an angle to eachother, mechanism arranged to move one die toward the opposite die, andmeans arranged to rotate at least one of said dies; substantially asdescribed.

20. Apparatus for forming wheels comprising rotary forging dies havingcoacting cavities arranged to wholly shape the rim portion of the wheeltherein, and having their axes extending at an angle to each other,means for moving one die toward the opposite die while being rotated,and mechanism for rotating at least one of said dies; substantially asdescribed.

21. The method of forging wheels, consisting in forming a dished blankby forging and then transferring the dished blank to a set of finishingdies having their axes extending at an oblique angle to each other,keeping the axis of the blank parallel to that of one of said dies, andfinishing the periplr cry of the wheel, substantially as described.

22. Apparatus for forming metal, comprising rotary dies having opposingdie faces and having their axes extending at an angle to each other,means for rotating the dies, and means for adjusting one die relative tothe other, the die faces coacting at one side to form inclosing shapingcavities; substantially as described.

23. Apparatus for forming metal, comprising rotary dies having annularconcentric grooves therein and having their axes extending at an angleto each other, means for rotating said dies, and means for adjusting onedie relative to the other, the grooved die faces coacting at one sidethereof to form inclosing shaping cavities; substantially as described.

24. Apparatus for forming flanged wheels, comprising rotary dies havingannular concentric grooves therein, and having their axes extending atan angle to each other, means for rotating said dies, and means foradjusting one die relative to the other during rotation, the grooved diefaces coacting at one side of the dies to form inclosing shapingcavities; substantially as described.

25. The method of forging wheels, consisting in dishing the blank andpartially form ing the web portion thereof between rotating dies havingaxes of rotation extending at oblique angles to each other and arelative path of approach endwise, and then transferring the partlyformed blanks to a second set of dies and finishing the wheel,substantially as described.

26. The method of forming metal which consists in dishing and partlyforming successive radial portions of the blank by roller forgingbetween opposing faces of a set of dies having their axes at an obliqueangle to each other, then removing the partly formed blank to a similarset of dies, continuing the forging operation therein and shaping theedge portions of the blank; substantially as described.

27. The method of forming metal wheels, consisting in forging successiveportions of the blank between dies whose axes extend at an oblique angleto each other, and wholly shaping the outer portion of the blank withininclosing cavities of said dies; substan tially as described.

28. The method of forming metal wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween opposing concentric die faces having their axes at an obliqueangle to each other, holding one of the dies against endwise movementduring the forging operation, while forcing the other die forward in apath at an angle to the axis of the opposing die, and at the same timelimiting the outward flow of the metal during the forging operation atall points in its circumference; substantially as described.

29. The method of forging wheels, consisting in rolling it betweenrotary dies having their axes of rotation extending at an oblique angleto each other, holding one die against endwise movement and forcing .theopposing dies forwardly in a path parallel to the axis of rotation ofone of the dies, restricting the outward flow of metal in the peripheryof the blank and forcing metal outwardly beyond the periphery of theblank to form the flange of the wheel, substantially as described.

30. The method of forming wheels, consisting in reducing a blank inthickness and increasing its diameter by two successive steps insuccessive dies, and forging the metal in at least one of said stepsbetween concentric die faces having axes extending at an oblique angleto each other; substantially as described.

31. The method of forging wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween opposing die faces having their axes at an angle to each other,while forcing one of the dies toward the other, and at the same timerestricting the flow of metal in at least a portion of its periphery andforcing metal intermediate of the restricted portion and center of theblank to form the flange of the wheel during the forging operation,substantially as described. The method of forming metal wheels, whichconsists in forming a blank having a diameter less than that of thefinished wheel, forging the blank by reducing its thickness andincreasing its diameter, forming it with a curved or bent outer portion,then confining the edge of the bent outer portions and displacing metal.intermediate of the hub and edge of the blank into inclosing diecavities to form the flange of the wheel; substantially as described.

33. The method of forming wheels, which consists in forming a blank ofsmaller diameter than the finished wheel, forging said blank to increaseits diameter and form the blank with a curved or bent outer portionbetween sets of opposing dies having their axes at an oblique angle toeach other, and then confining the edges of the bent outer portion in asecond set of opposing dies having their axes at an oblique angle toeach other and displacing the metal intermediate the hub and edge of theblank into the inclosing die cavities formed in and by said second setof dies, and forming the flange of the wheel; substantially asdescribed.

34. The method of forming wheels, consisting in forging a blank betweenopposing dies having their axes at an oblique angle to each other byforcibly causing a relative approach endwise of the dies in a path at anangle to the axis of one of the dies and moving at least one of the diesto effect a rolling action on successive radial portions of the blank,the axes of the dies intersecting during the longitudinal movementthereof at a fixed point on the axis of one die and moving along theaxis of the opposing die, substantially as described.

35. The method of forming wheels which consists in forging successiveportions of the blank between rotating dies having their axes at anoblique angle to each other to thin and shape the Web and forcing thedisplaced metal outwardly into inclosing cavities formed in and by saiddies to form the flange of the wheel; substantially as described.

36. In the manufacture of flanged wheels, the steps consisting informing a circular blank, successively forging radially varying portionsof the blank, restricting outward flow of metal in at least a portion ofits periphery and at the same time forcing metal intermediate of thecenter and the restricted portion of the blank to flow outward in aradial direction in at least one set of rotary dies having their axes atan oblique angle to each other, and then further shaping the outerportion of the partly formed blank in a set of opposing finishing dies,substantially as described.

37. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween rotating forming surfaces on the ends of shafts whose axesextend at an angle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallelwith that of one of said forming surfaces, applying forging pressure toat least one of said surfaces to reduce successive portions of the weband roller-shaping the radially adjoining rim portion of the blank,substantially as described.

38. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween rotating forming surfaces on the ends of shafts whose axesextend at an angle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallelwith that of one of said forming surfaces, applying forging pressurethrough at least one of said surfaces to reduce successive portions ofthe web and roller-shaping the rim of the blank, substantially asdescribed.

39. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rotating a blank betweenrotating forming surfaces on the ends of shafts whose axes extend at anangle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallel with that ofone of said forming surfaces, advancing the forming surfaces toward eachother to reduce the thickness of successive portions of the web, androller-shaping the rim portion of the blank, substantially as described.

40. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween rotating forming surfaces whose axes extend at an oblique angleto each other and whose pressure is exerted lengthwise of the said axes,keeping the axis of the blank parallel with that of one of said formingsurfaces, applying forging pressure through at least one of saidsurfaces to reduce successive portions of the web, and roller-shapingthe ra dially adjoining rim portion of the blank, substantially asdescribed.

41. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling a blank betweenrotating forming surfaces whose axes extend at an angle to each otherand whose pressure is exerted upon the blank lengthwise of the saidaxes, keeping the axis of the blank parallel with that of one of saidforming surfaces, applying forging pressure through at least one of saidsurfaces to reduce successive portions of the web, and simultaneouslyroller-shaping the radially adjoining rim portion of the blank,substantially as described.

42. The method of forming wheels, consisting in forging a blank bypressing against the same a rotating forming surface whose axis extendsat an oblique angle to the axis of the blank, holding the blank insurface contact with an opposing forming surface during the forgingoperation and causing a relative approach of the forming surfaces in thedirection of the axis of the blank, substantially as described.

43. Apparatus for forming wheels, comprising in combination a rotatingshaping roll having its axis at an angle to that of the blank andadapted to make line contact at its end with the blank, and a supportingdie having its axis parallel with that of the blank and arranged to makesurface contact with the other side of the blank, and means for causingendwise approach of the die and roll in a path extending in thedirection of the axes of the die and blank, substantially as described.

44. Apparatus for forming wheels, comprising in combination a rotatingshaping roll having a die surface adapted to make line contact at itsend with the blank, a supporting roll having a die surface adapted tomake surface contact with the other side of the blank, said die surfaceshaving their axes at an oblique angle to each other, and means forpressing the supporting roll against the blank in the direction of theaxis of the blank and for maintaining the supporting roll in surfacecontact with one face of the blank and the shaping roll in line contactwith'the opposite face of the blank, substantially as described.

45. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling a blank betweenrotating forming surfaces, whose axes extend at an oblique angle to eachother and whose pressure is exerted upon the blank lengthwise of thesaid axes, keeping the axis of the blank parallel with that of one ofsaid forming surfaces, and simultaneously rolling the rim portion to thedesired form, substantially as described.

46. Apparatus for forming wheels, comprising in combination a supportfor one face of the blank and a shaping roll adapted to contact with theopposite face of the blank on the support, the axes of rotation of saidsupport and roll extending at an oblique angle to each other, and meansfor causing the approach of said support and shaping roll and tomaintain said support in surface contact with one face of the blank, andthe shaping roll in line contact with the opposite face of the blank,said support and roll being arranged to approach in the direction of theaxis of the blank on said support, substantially as described.

47. The method of forming wheels, consisting in forging by rollingpressure successive radial portions of the blank by pressing against aforming surface having line contact therewith, Whose axis extends at anoblique angle to that of the blank and whose pressure is exerted uponthe blank longitudinally of the axis of said forming surface and holdingthe blank in position upon an opposing die having a surface contact withthe blank, substantially as described.

48. The method of forming wheels, consisting in roller-forging the blankby pressing successive radial portions thereof against a forming surfacehaving a line contact therewith and whose axis extends at an obliqueangle to that of the blank, holding the blank in position upon anopposing die so as to have a surface contact with the blank, and causingthe approach endwise of the supporting and forming surfaces during theroller-forging operations in a path extending in the direction of theaxis of the blank, substantially as described.

4-9. The method of forming wheels, consisting in forging a blank havingan enlarged peripheral portion and then transferring the blank to a setof finishing dies having their axes-extending at an oblique angle toeach other, keeping the axis of the blank parallel to that of one ofsaid dies, and finishing the periphery of the wheel, substantially asdescribed.

50. The method of forging wheels, consisting in forging a blank andforming an enlarged peripheral edge portion thereon between rotatingdies having their axes of rotation extending at oblique angles to eachother and a relative path of movement endwise, and then transferring thepartly formed blanks to a. second set of dies and finishing the wheel,substantially as described.

51. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween rotating forming surfaces on the ends of shafts whose axesextend at an angle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallelwith that of one of said forming surfaces, applying forging pressure toat least one of said surfaces to reduce successive portions of theblank, and roller-shaping the radial adjoining rim portion of the blank,substantially as described.

52. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling the blankbetween rotating forming surfaces on the ends of shafts whose axesextend at an angle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallelwith that of one of said forming surfaces, applying forging pressure toat least one of said surfaces to reduce successive portions of the web,and simultaneously roller-shaping the rim portion of the blank,substantially as described.

53. The method of forming metal, consisting in rolling it betweenopposing concentric die faces having their axes at an angle to eachother while forcing one of the dies toward the other, and at the sametime limiting the outward flow of the metal during the forging operationthroughout a zone of the metal, substantially as described.

54. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedtherein, whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, one ofsaid carriers being held against movement in the direction of the axisof one of the holders, the other of the carriers being mounted so as topermit of movement toward the op )osite carrier obliquely to the axis ofone of the holders, substantially as described.

55. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedthereon whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, one of saidcarriers being mounted so as to permit of movement toward the oppositecarrier in the direction of the axis of one of the holders,substantially as described.

56. In a forging press, carriers having ro tatable die holders mountedthereon, whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, one ofsaid carriers being mounted so as to permit of movement toward theopposite carrier obliquely to the axis of one of the holders,substantially as described.

57. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedthereon whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, formingfaces on the opposing ends of the carriers, one of said carriers beingheld against movement in the direction of the axis of one of theholders, the other of said carriers being mounted so as to permit ofmovement toward the opposite carrier in the direction of the axis of oneof the holders, substantially as described.

58. In a forging-press, carriers having r0- tatable die holders mountedthereon, whose axes extend at an oblique angle .to each other andforming faces on the opposing ends of the holders, one of said carriersbeing held against movement in the direction of the axis of one of theholders, the other of said carriers being mounted so as to permit ofmovement toward the opposite carrier obliquely to the axis of one of theholders, sub stantially as described.

59. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedthereon whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other and formingfaces on the opposing ends of the holders, one of said carriers beingmounted so as to permit of movement toward the opposite carrier in thedirection of the axis of one of the holders, substantially as described.

60. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedthereon whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other and formingfaces on the opposing ends of the carriers, one of said carriers beingmounted so as to permit of movement toward the opposite carrierobliquely to the axis of one of the holders, substantially as described.

61. In a forging press, shafts having op-- posing die faces thereon andhaving their axes at an oblique angle to each other, and carriers onwhich sald shafts are rotatably mounted, one of said carriers beingadjustable toward and away from the opposite carrier in the direction ofthe axis of rotation of the movable shaft, and means for adjusting themovable carrier, substantially as described.

62. In a forging press, carriers having rotary shafts mounted thereonwhose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, forming diesurfaces secured on the opposing ends of said shafts, and means forcausing the approach of the die surfaces and carriers in the directionof the axis of one of said shafts, substantially as described.

63. In a forging press, carriers having rotary shafts mounted thereonwhose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, forming diesurfaces secured on opposing ends of said shafts, and means for causingthe approach of the die surfaces and carriers in a direction obliquelyto the axis of one of said shafts, substantially as described.

64. In roller-forging apparatus, a pair of rotary dies having their axesat an angle to each other, at least one of said dies having a face ofthe desired contour, and means for causing a relative axial movement ofsaid dies toward each other, said means being arranged to spread theblank and force it into the die having the desired contour to cause theblank to conform thereto, substantially as described.

65. Apparatus for forging, comprising opposing dies, means for causing arelative approach of said dies, and means for rotating the dies, atleast one of said dies having peripheral forming cavities, one of thedies rotating at less speed than the opposing die surface, substantiallyas described.

66. Apparatus for forging, comprising rotary die carriers having diesurfaces on their ends, means for causing a relative approach of saiddie surfaces, and means for rotating the surfaces, the surface speed ofone of said dies gradually increasing relative to that of the other diesurface during the forging operation, substantially as described.

67. The method of forging metal, consisting in subjecting a blank topressure between rotary dies having opposing end faces and having theiraxes at an angle to each other, causing the approach endwise of saiddies so as to spread the metal on one die, and causing it to conform tothe contour of said die, and restricting the outward flow of the metal,substantially as described.

68. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedthereon, one of said carriers being held against movement in thedirection of the axis of one of the holders and the other of thecarriers being mounted so as to permit of movement toward the oppositecarrier in the direction of the axis of one of the carriers,substantially as described.

69. The method of forming wheels, consisting in rolling a blank betweenrotating forming surfaces on the ends of shafts whose axes extend at anangle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallel with that ofone of said forming surfaces, and rolling the rim portion to the desiredform, substantially as described.

70. In a forging press, carriers having rotatable die holders mountedtherein, whose axes extend at an oblique angle to each other, one ofsaid carriers being held against movement in the direction of the axisof one of the holders, the other of the carriers being mounted so as topermit of movement toward the opposite carrier in the direction of theaxis of one of the holders, substantially as described.

71. The method of forming metal, consisting in forging the blanksbetween rotary die forming surfaces having their axes at an obliqueangle to each other, keeping the axis of the blank parallel with that ofone of said dies, and causing the approach of the rotating dies in apath extending in the direction of the axes of the blank and one of thedies, to thereby upset the face of the blank contacting with the face ofthe angularly mounted dies, substantially as described.

72. The method of forming metal consisting in forging the blanks betweenrotary die-forming surfaces, centering the blank on and maintaining itsaxis parallel with the axis of one of said dies, and causing endwiseapproach of the rotating dies, and thereby upsetting the face of theblank contacting with the other of the dies, substantially as described.

73. The method of forming metal, which consists in forging the blankbetween rotary shaping die faces having their axes at an oblique angleto each other, While maintaining the axis of the blank parallel withthat of one of said shaping die faces, and causing endWise approach ofthe dies in a path parallel to the axes of one die face and the blank tothereby effect a rolling action on the metal and upset the face of themetal contacting with the angularly mounted die face, substantially asdescribed.

74:. In apparatus for forging metal, a pair of opposing dies one of saiddies being movable and having an opening therethrough, connections forforcibly advancing and retracting the movable die, and meansoperateeaoss ing through the opening in the movable die adapted tocontactwith and eject metal blanks 011 said die; substantially asdescribed.

75. In apparatus for forging metal, 0pposing dies having die-formingfaces, one of said dies having an opening therethrough, mechanismoperating through the opening adapted to contact with and eject metalblanks on said die-forming faces and means arranged to move the die inwhich the ejecting mechanism operates sufficiently to cause the blank tobe ejected by said mechanism; substantially as described.

76. In apparatus for forging metal, die carriers having opposing end diesurfaces, an opening extending through one of said carriers and diesurfaces, mechanism operating through said opening adapted to contactwith and eject metal from said die surface, and means for actuating saiddie surface to bring the metal into contact with said ejectingmechanism; substantially as described.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand.

EDVIN E. SLICK.

Vituesses R. D. LITTLE, H. M. Conwm.

